INFRASTRUCTURE *click on the link below to attend the test*
The totality of physical facilities and social services that
provide base for economic activities and services for the efficient working of
important sectors of the economy is termed as infrastructure. Infrastructure
increases the productivity of factors of production and improves the standard
of living of people. Infrastructure attracts investment and smoothness and
mobility of goods and services. Infrastructure that has a direct impact on
production of goods and services are called economic infrastructure. Roads,
railways, port, airport, dams, power, oil, natural gas, telecommunication,
bank, insurance companies etc. Some infrastructure gives indirect support by
building the social sector of the economy that is called social
infrastructures. Education, health, housing services, hospitals, drinking
water, sanitation facilities etc are examples.
ENERGY
Energy plays a crucial role in development process of a
nation. Almost all economic activity requires energy. Energy is essential for
industries, transportation and also for commercial and household purposes.
SOURCES OF ENERGY
Sources of energy can be divided in to two categories,
commercial and non-commercial & conventional and non-conventional
Largest power generation company – NTPC National Thermal
Power Corporation 1975. NTPC generates 70% of power in India. Uses coal,
petrol, Natural gas. NTPC in Kerala – Rajeev Gandhi Thermal Station at
Kayamkulam. August 20- energy day
CHALLENGES OF POWER
SECTOR
·
underutilised installed capacity
·
Transmission and distribution loss
·
Frequent and prolonged power cuts
·
Shortage of raw materials
·
Inefficiency of SEBs
·
High power tariffs
·
Power thefts
·
Insufficient power generation
For sustained growth in power sector Public investment must
be increased, PPP should be encouraged, promote energy conservation and use of
renewable energy sources.
HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE:
Healthy population is the most important human resource of a country. The
important health indicators are
infant mortality, maternal mortality, life expectancy, nutritional levels,
incidence of diseases, health infrastructure etc.
Health infrastructure
consists of hospitals, doctors, nurses and other Para medical professionals,
hospital beds, medical equipment, medicines,
HEALTH SYSTEM IN INDIA
Even though public health care improved a lot, it is highly
inadequate compared to the facilities available in private sector. 70% of
hospitals and more than 60% 0f dispensaries are in private sector. There has
been an explosive growth of medical colleges in private sector and
pharmaceutical industries are completely dominated by private sector.
A fast growing area in health sector is medical tourism.It
is a tourism for medical treatment. Recently foreigners are coming to India for
treatment. This is mainly because of highly advanced medical infrastructure in
India. Qualified specialist doctors, well developed pharmaceutical industry,
low cost for medicines; less expenditure for medical treatment also attracts
medical tourists to India.
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INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINES(ISM): AYUSH-N
Ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha, homeopathy, naturopathy
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Indian society is characterised by big inequalities between
rich and poor which is also evident in health care. Only 20% hospitals and 50%
of dispensaries are in rural area. There is also shortage of medical personnel
in rural area. Rural health care does not offer specialised medical care. There
is also big gender disparity in health care. Morbidity levels, malnourishment,
anaemia are high in females.
